Ebika by’enteekateeka ya 42 CRMO RING Billet Ekifaananyi 1 ye kompyuta okukoppa okw’omuwendo gw’ekitundu ekikalu nga kiyita mu kusuula centrifugal ku sipiidi ya 480 rad/s, ebbugumu ly’okusuula erya diguli 1500 , obuwanvu obw’ebweru obw’okusuula 1000mm, dayamita ey’omunda eya 360mm n’enkola y’okutonnya kw’amazzi g’okusuula amazzi agatonnya. Ekifaananyi 4. Nga bwe kirabibwa okuva mu kifaananyi, ekisenge eky’ebweru eky’ekisengejjo ky’enkulungo (annular casting) kitundu kya kirisitaalo ekirungi ekya isopaxial ekifaanagana. Mu munda mu casting, empeke ekyuka okuva ku kirasitaalo ennungi eya isopaxial okudda mu kitundu kya crystal eky’empagi enzito, era kirisitaalo ya mpagi yeeyongera obunene. This is due to the alloy in the process of centrifugal casting solidification, when the metal liquid into the casting, the cooling of the wall, start knot, crystal solidification, crystalline latent heat is perpendicular to the cast wall continuous outward heat dissipation, so the metal to the setting in the solidification of centrifugal casting process, because the casting wall is cold, and the cast wall is cold, but water spraying, when high temperature metal meets low temperature casting Bbugwe, okumpi n’ekisenge ky’ekyuma nga kiyita mu kunyogoza okw’amaanyi, kivaamu diguli ennene ey’okunyogoza ennyo n’omuwendo omunene ogw’omusingi ogw’enjawulo. Omusingi guno mu kusaanuuka okw’ennyogoga mu kukula kwa dendite, olw’okusaasaana kw’ebbugumu okw’okufuuka ekiristaayo awatali ndagiriro, era nnyingi, omusingi guziyiza munne gweyongera okukula, kale okumpi n’ekisenge ky’ekisenge ekyekulungirivu ekyekulungirivu gukola ensengeka entonotono, ey’ekiwujjo ey’ekyekulungirivu, n’okweyongera kw’obugumu bw’okukaluba n’okutondebwa kw’ebisusunku ebikalu okunywevu, empeke butereevu, olw’okungulu kw’ekitundu ekirungi eky’ekyekulungirivu eky’ekyekulungirivu olw’okukula kw’omusingi gw’okukula kw’omusingi okuva mu kukula okuva mu kukula okuva mu kirungo eky’omunda n’ekitundu eky’omunda. Olw’okunyogoza kw’oluwuzi lw’okuzimba (coagulation layer) okunyogoza, sipiidi y’okunyogoza amazzi mu ngeri ya aloy ekendeera, ekivaamu sipiidi y’okukakanyala aloy eya wansi, amazzi aga centrifugal casting aloy gasinga kufugibwa oyo-Ebbugumu ly’okunyogoza okw’ekitundu, mu kiseera kino, omuntu-Embeera z’ebbugumu mu kkubo omutendera omukalu ogw’okuyita mu mpeta y’omuti guno{14}}liquid interface, wansi w’ekikolwa eky’okubumbulukuka kw’ebbugumu. Okukula kw’okusuula, bwe kutyo ne kukolebwa mu kifaananyi 1 (b) ekitundu. Olw’okukula okulonda, mu kukula kwa kirisitaalo ya mpagi, ebanga okuva ku bbugwe gye likoma okuba ewala, obutafaali obutali bulungi gye bukoma okuggyibwawo, gye kikoma okukuŋŋaanyizibwa oludda lwa kirisitaalo ya mpagi, n’obunene bw’empeke gye bukoma okuba obunene, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 1 (c).
3 Ensonga z’okwawula 3.1 mu kiseera ky’okukakanyala kw’ekisengejjero kya centrifugal, amazzi g’ekyuma agakyukakyuka gakolebwako empalirizo ya centrifugal eya radial ne vertical, n’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize agagoloddwa wansi. Amaanyi aga centrifugal gageraageranye ne radius y’okuzimbulukuka, era nga gageraageranye ne square ya angular rotation speed:
F ali wala okuva ku M2R .
Wa: F ye mpalirizo ya centrifugal ey’amazzi g’ekyuma; M ye buzito bw’amazzi g’ekyuma; Ye velocity y’enjuba ekyukakyuka ey’ekikuta. Nga bwe kiri ku sipiidi y’amaanyi g’ekisikirize mu nnimiro y’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize, amazzi g’ekyuma gajja kuba n’esannyalazo ery’omu makkati mu kifo ky’empalirizo y’amaanyi agakulukuta. Bwe kityo, kivaako enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu butonde bwa aloy. Okusinziira ku nsengekera y’okwawula mu ngeri ya macroscopic P, velocity eya wakati ey’okukulukuta kwa alloy n’embiro z’okunyogoza kwayo okukakanyala ze macroscopic bias .
u 1
Okwekenenya kuzannya omulimu omukulu. Ekivaamu kyakyo bwe kiba 1, tewali kwawula. Olw’ekikolwa ky’amaanyi aga centrifugal, sipiidi yaakyo ey’okukulukuta eyanguwa, nga sipiidi y’okukulukuta kw’amazzi ga aloy V. Okwawukana ku ludda lw’embiro z’okukakanyala U, amazzi gakulukuta okuva ku nkomerero y’ebbugumu ery’ebitundu ebibiri-faasa okutuuka ku nkomerero ennyogovu, kwe kugamba, okuva mu kutambula okw’omunda n’okusengejja okutono okutuuka ku kikolo ky’ekitundu eky’obugagga eky’omubisi, okukola okwawukana okubi, okukulukuta okunene, okusengejja okulala. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, wansi w’enkola ya aloy elements, chromium erina enkolagana ey’amaanyi ne kaboni, ekikendeeza ku kigero ky’okusaasaana kwa kaboni, kyongera ku kiseera ky’okufumbiza eky’okuvunda kwa austenite supercooled, era kikendeeza ku sipiidi y’okunyweza, bwe kityo ne kivaamu okwawula.3.3 Okwawula layeri ekifaananyi. Bwe kibeera amazzi ga aloy mu kisusunku, amazzi g’ekyuma mu ngeri y’okukulukuta kw’okukulukuta okw’ekyekulungirivu, entambula, kwe kugamba oluwuzi olusooka olw’amazzi g’ekyuma 1 Kola okukulukuta okw’ekyekulungirivu, olw’okukendeera kw’ebbugumu, sipiidi y’okukulukuta, entono, sipiidi y’omugga ogusooka 1
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Sipiidi y’okukulukuta entuufu.5 Yongera ku kirungo ekifumbisa mu nkola y’okukakanyala ey’amazzi ga alloy okwanguya okukakanyala.100 twala enkola entuufu ey’okunyogoza okukendeeza ku budde bw’okunyweza obw’ekiseera ky’okunyogoza ekikalu-okulinnyisa ekitundu bibiri{3}}faasa, n’okwongera ku budde bw’okunyogoza okukakanyala nga bwe kisoboka.
Ebifaananyi by’ebitundu by’omubiri ne macro-okukenenya kwa Cu-17ni-3al-x aloy okusuula kwa Cu-17ni-3al-X copper alloy nga n’obuwanvu bw’enkulungo obw’ebweru bwa mm 265, obuwanvu bwa mm nga 50 n’obuwanvu bwa 125mm byategekebwa mu nkola ya centrifigal casting. Ebifaananyi by’ebitundu by’omubiri n’okwawula macro-okwawukana kwa copper alloy casting byasomesebwa nga bakozesa metallography ne electronic probe. Ebivuddemu biraga nti waliwo engeri bbiri eza isoaxial crystal ne cylindrical crystal mu casting, ebigabanyizibwa mu bbugwe ow’ebweru ne bbugwe ow’omunda ow’okusuula, era nga bigabanyizibwa wakati mu casting n’ekitundu okumpi ne bbugwe ow’omunda ow’okusuula. Mu kugatta okukulu, elementi za zaabu Cu, Ni, ne Al zalaga okwawula okutono okunene okuyita mu ndagiriro za radial ne axial ez’okusuula, naye zaali zikyali mu dizayini range ya aloy.2 Ebivudde mu kukebera 2.1 Ebifaananyi by’ebitundu by’omubiri eby’okusuula mu ngeri ya macroscopic ey’okusuula ensengekera y’okusuula (casping) symmed symmelal along the cast tission; Entegeka ya macroscopic ey’okusuula esobola okwawulwamu ebitundu bina eby’enjawulo ebirabika: ekitundu ekirungi eky’ekisenge eky’ebweru eky’ekisenge eky’ebweru (1, ekikwatagana n’okusuula (ID, coarse isoaxial zone (ii) okumpi ne bbugwe ow’omunda ow’okusuula, IV okumpi n’enkomerero ya bbugwe ow’omunda ow’okusuula).
Ensonga eri nti okukulukuta kw’ekyuma ekisaanuuka n’okuddamu okugabanya atomu ezisengejja tebireeta nkyukakyuka za maanyi mu butonde bwa aloy. Okusinziira ku nkola ey’okusosola ey’okwawulayawula mu macroscopic, obukwakkulizo bw’okumalawo okwawulayawula mu macroscopic bwe buno:
v / u / ( 1)
Alloy bweba esaliddwawo, velocity eya wakati ey’okukulukuta kw’amazzi mu dendrite ne velocity y’okukakanyala kwa aloy zisalibwawo u. Ku aloy ekalubye era ekoleddwa, velocity eya wakati ey’okukulukuta kw’amazzi mu dendrite ne velocity ya solidification ya alloy bweri mu ludda olulala, velocity ya wakati ey’okukulukuta kw’amazzi gyekoma okuba entono era gyekoma okuba ennungi, okukendeeza ku kukendeeza ku segregation ya macroscopic. Mu kiseera kya centrifugal casting, velocity y’okukulukuta kw’amaanyi aga centrifugal n’amaanyi ga coridian okutwalira awamu ganguwa, ekintu ekitali kirungi okuziyiza okwawula mu macroscopic. Naye, mu kunoonyereza kuno, olw’okuba ebitundu ebikulu bye bikomo ne nikele, enjawulo yaabyo ey’obungi mu kisaanuuse ntono nnyo, okugatta ku ekyo, centrifugal casting water cooling, esobola bulungi okulongoosa dendrite, okulongoosa sipiidi y’okunyweza aloy, naddala kubanga ekisenge ky’ekisenge ky’okusuula ekikalu (nga 55mm), kiyinza okuziyiza obulungi okukulukuta kw’okusaanuuka, nga bwe kiri okuggyawo oba okukendeeza ku kigendererwa kya macroscopicing ya castreging of castreging.
Okusinziira ku byetaago bya RCC-m, ekintu kya payipu enkulu ey’ekizinga kya nukiriya ekya CPR1000 reactor pressurized water reactor ekyuma kya nukiriya kye kyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse austenite (French brand Z3CN20-09m). Okugezesebwa kuno kwazuula ekyuma ekiri mu payipu enkulu okusinziira ku MC1000 Shevler diagram (SCHAEFFLER) ne MC1340, era ne kyetegereza ensonga eziviirako enjawulo mu bivudde mu kuzuula enkola ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku bumanyirivu bw’okukola payipu enkulu n’ebirimu RCC-MM3406, ensonga z’okweyongera kw’ensaasaanya y’ekyuma ekiri mu payipu zaali zeekenneenyezebwa. Obunene bw’okukozesa enkola y’okukebera ebirimu ferrite ne MC1340, okusalawo ebirimu ferrite, n’enkola y’okumalawo ensaasaanya ya ferrite etali ya bwenkanya mu mwala omukulu bifunze.
Ekizibu kya centrifugal casting ye mazzi g’ekyuma agakyukakyuka wansi w’ekikolwa ky’amaanyi aga centrifugal, obungi bwa elementi, entegeka erina omuze omunene ku bbugwe (ebweru w’oludda lwa centrifugal tube), era density entono, elementi n’enteekateeka erina omuze omunene okusenguka okusenguka okw’ebweru, kino phenomen phenomen phenomen phenomen phenomen phenomen Okwawukana, nga main centrifugal tube austenite stainless casting, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus ne sulfur elements okulengejja ku ngulu okw’omunda mu centrifugal tube, ne high density elements ku ngulu ow’ebweru wa centrifugal tube. Combined with the material of the centrifugal tube in RCC-M Z3CN20-09M austenite one ferrite stainless steel, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and other elements density is far lower than that of iron, pouring metal steel in casting hollow cooling process (natural cooling), by the centrifugal force to the inner wall migration, so that carbon, nitrogen, Phosphorus, sulfur n’ebintu ebirala okuva mu ndabika y’okweyongera kw’okungulu okw’omunda.Ebibinja bibiri ebya sampuli z’okugezesa byalondebwa mu kipande 2, era ebirimu nayitrojeni byazuulibwa mu nkola ya spectroscopic. Ebivuddemu biragiddwa mu kipande 3, era okuteebereza okwo waggulu kwongera okukakasibwa.
Kiyinza okulabibwa okuva mu metallography ne schevler diagram era delong diagram yagiggyamu nti kaboni ne nayitrojeni bye bisinga okukwata ku kutondeka oba okutebenkeza austenite. Mu kifaananyi kya delong, kaboni ne nayitrojeni mu elementi y’ensengekera y’okubalirira okwenkanankana kwa nickel biri 30%. Kizuuliddwa nti okweyongera kw’ebirimu ferrite mu centrifugal tube okuva ku bbugwe ow’omunda okutuuka ku bbugwe ow’ebweru kwe kweyongera kwa kaboni ne nayitrojeni okuva kungulu okutuuka ku ngulu okw’omunda n’okukulukuta okw’omunda n’okutonnya kw’ekisenge kya centrifugal. Okuziyiza kwambala kwa waggulu ku ngulu okw’omunda. Okugatta ku ekyo, oluvannyuma lw’okusuula centrifugal, amazzi agafuuyira amangu (water cooled centrifuge tube) payipu ya centrifugal casting mutono okusinga ekyuma ekikuba empewo ekinyogoza empewo, era ensaasaanya y’ekyuma eba ya kimu. MP30 ferrite tester yakozesebwa okuzuula ekyuma ekiri ku 1 / 4 ku ngulu okw’omunda, 1 / 2 ne 1 / 4 ku ngulu okw’ebweru wa Yangjiang 1 unit. Ekifo eky’okuzuula kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 6, era ebivuddemu biragiddwa mu kipande 4. Okusinziira ku kipande 4, okufuuyira amazzi okw’amangu kwatwalibwa oluvannyuma lw’okusuula centrifugal, awatali kweyongera kweyongera kugabanya kyuma okuva ku bbugwe w’amazzi ag’omunda okutuuka ku bbugwe ow’ebweru.(3) Nga bwe kiyinza okulabibwa okuva mu metallography ne delong diagram, nayitrojeni efaananako ne kaboni, ekitumbula okutondebwa kwa austenite austenite elements. Mu kwekenneenya ebirungo n’okufuga ekikoomi ekikulu ekya centrifugal tube, nga kwotadde n’okutuukiriza ekirungo kya ferrite ekya RCC-mm3406 ekikeberebwa Shevler-diagram, nitrogen n’ebintu ebirala ebisigadde nabyo birina okufugibwa.(4) nga ekirungo ekiziyiza ekirungo kya centri centriful kizibiddwa. Olw’okuba density ya nayitrojeni ne kaboni eri wansi nnyo okusinga ekyuma, etera okusenguka okutuuka ku bbugwe ow’omunda ow’ekisenge kya centrifuge, ekivaako okwawulamu ekirungo ky’obusimu olw’okwawula ebitundu. Enkola y’okufuga ebirungo n’okwawula ebitundu by’omubiri (tissue segregation) ya austenite-Ferrite stainless steel centrifuge tube ge mazzi-okufuumuula centrifugation. Mu kiseera kye kimu, centrifugal casting efulumya engeri y’okwawulamu ebirungo, ekiyinza okuvaamu ebintu eby’enjawulo n’ebisuulibwa ebirina ebyetaago by’okukola.
