Omulimu gwa aloy elements mu grey-ekyuma ekibuuziddwa .

1. Manganese ne Sulphur .
Generally speaking, sulfur is a harmful element. But for gray cast iron, a small amount of sulfur plays a very important role in the refinement of graphite core and cocrystal groups. Therefore, the sulfur content in gray cast iron should not be less than 0.06%, and it is best to keep between 0.06% and 0.08%. If the sulfur content is too high (>0.18%), obulabe obw’engeri zonna bujja kulabika era buyonoona omutindo gw’okusuula.
Sulfur ye elementi erimu eddagala ery’amaanyi. Manganese ali mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa bweba wansi nnyo, ekibiriiti n’ekyuma bikola ekirungo ekigatta FES (okusaanuuka 1193℃) era era bikola ebikoola ebitono ebisaanuuka n’ekyuma ne kaboni (kaboni 0.17%, ekibiriiti 31.7%, ekisigadde kiri ekyuma, okusaanuusa 975℃).
FES esobola okusaanuuka ddala mu solution y’ekyuma. Bwe kinyweza ekyuma, ekibiriiti oba Fes mu austenite ne carbonization solid solution kitono nnyo, kigaggawalidde mpolampola mu kitundu ky’amazzi ekisigadde, era okusembayo okutonnya mu ngeri ya sulfide, nga ekibiriiti ekiri mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa kiri 0.02%, sulfide eyetongodde esobola okulabika.
Mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa enzirugavu, enkolagana ya sulfur ne manganese esinga nnyo ey’ekyuma, era okutondebwa kwa MNS kusinga mu nsengekera enyonyoddwa mu nsengekera eno wammanga.
Mn+fes Mns + Fe .
Ekifo ekisaanuuka ekya MNS kiri 1620℃. Mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa enzirugavu, MNS ye bbululu omutono era atalina bulabe-enzirugavu, esaasaanidde okusaasaanyizibwa mu matrix y’ekyuma, era eyamba okulongoosa omulimu gw’okukola ekyuma ekisuuliddwa n’okulongoosa obulamu bw’ekintu.
Mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa enzirugavu, MNS ne FES zisobola okusaanuuka, kale obungi bwa manganese ne sulphur mu compound sulfide (MNFE) s bukyukakyuka. Ekibiriiti ne okisigyeni nabyo bisobola okutabulwa buli omu, kale mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa enzirugavu, embeera ya sulfide nzibu nnyo, ebirungo ebivaamu bisobola okukiikirira Fexmnysvow, nga emiwendo gya X, Y, V ne W gijja kukyuka mu mbeera ezenjawulo ez’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa.
Mu myaka egiyise, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa okwekenneenya okw’omuwendo okw’ebyuma kulaga nti waliwo ebiyingizibwa nga obukadde 43 ebya MNS ne (MNFE) s ebiyingizibwa mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa evvu ekya 1cm3, era obunene bw’ebiyingizibwamu buli 2~23 micro. Omuwendo gwonna ogw’ebintu ebiyingizibwamu guli wansi wa 0.01% ku buzito bw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa.
Ekibiriiti bwe kiriwo mu FES oba ternary co-kiliri, okwawula mu kitundu ky’amazzi ku nsengekera ya cocrystal block mu nkola y’okukakanyala, kiremesa okukula kwa CO{1}}ekibinja kya kirisitaalo, n’okwongera ku kulongoosa okugulumizibwa okw’ekika kya CO{-crystal okunyweza, eyongera ku kirungo ekyeru eky’obuziba bw’ekiwujjo eky’ekika kya cast. Oluvannyuma lw’okukakanyala, Fes oba ternary cocrystal ku nsalo y’ekibinja kya cocrystal kijja kufuula ebyuma eby’ebyuma eby’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa wansi n’obuziba obunene. Kino kye kikolwa eky’obulabe ekiva mu kibiriiti.
Singa obungi bwa manganese obumala bwongerwa ku kyuma ekisuuliddwa okuziyiza okukola FES n’okukola okuyingiza kwa sulfide okulungi era okusaasaana, ekibiriiti kijja kukola omulimu omulungi era ogw’omugaso mu nucleation n’okukula kwa graphite. Ebivuddemu Cast iron Small Crystal Small, Graphite ye Type A, tewajja kubaawo kamwa kazungu. Okukola ekifaananyi ky’olupapula lwa graphite olumatiza, ekitono ennyo ekiri mu kibiriiti mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa enzirugavu kirina okuba 0.06%. Ekirungo kya sulfur kiri wansi okusinga omuwendo guno, era ensaasaanya ya graphite sheet mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa mubi, era kyangu okufulumya akamwa akeeru.
Omulimu omukulu ogwa manganese mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa enzirugavu kwe kuziyiza ekibiriiti n’okuziyiza okutondebwa kwa FES. Kubanga omugerageranyo gw’obuzito bwa atomu ogwa manganese ku kibiriiti guli 1.71. Omugerageranyo gwa MNS ogwenkanankana ogwa manganese ne sulfur ogukolebwa mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa guli 1.71. Mangn waggulu okusinga equilibrium, eyitibwa .