Okugabanya n'obulema mu Centrifugal casting .
Centrifugal casting bimetal composite payipu obulema n’okufuga nga tukozesa centrifugal casting, esobola okufuna obulungi ennyo okusinga gravity casting grain structure, esobola okutegeera double gold, belongly to the metallurgical composite, layers bbiri of metal junction okuva ku outer to the inner component transition smooth, crossing area, wide transition zone can effectively reduce the two condition thermal okugaziwa okugaziwa okugaziwa okugaziwa okw’enjawulo layer okunyigirizibwa, crossing area, a wide transition zone can effectively down effective Okugabanyaamu ebitundu. Ekifaananyi ky’ensengekera y’ekisengejjero kya centrifugal kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 5.
. Ekifaananyi 6 kiraga ellipticity y’ebitundu 12 olw’okwekenneenya kwa puloti. Kiyinza okulabibwa nti mu bitundu 12, ellipticity maximum etuuka ku 12mm, buli kitundu ensobi ya ellipticity nnene, n’olwekyo, obuwanvu bwa lining si bwe bumu nnyo.1.2 Enjatika obulema bwa billet base oluvannyuma lw’okusuula centrifugal, enjatika za radial zitera okubaawo ku base level ya billet base. Enjatika zigaziwa okuva ku ddaala ly’omusingi okuyita ku ddaala ly’omusingi okutuuka ku nkomerero y’ekitundu ky’enkyukakyuka wakati w’oluwuzi lwa base ne lining, ate nga tewali nnyatika mu layeri ya lining.
3 Centrifugal casting defect control 3.1 Centrifugal casting defect control centrifugal okusuula sipiidi entono ennyo kijja kulabika ekyuma amazzi enkuba phenomenon, era kijja kufuula payipu okukendeera, loose, slag, payipu billet inner uneven defects; Sipiidi eba waggulu nnyo, ttanka etera okukutuka, okwawula n’obulema obulala, era obuwanvu obutakwatagana obw’oluwuzi lw’ekyuma ekibiri eky’omubiri (double metal lining layer) nabwo buva ku sipiidi ey’amaanyi, kale okuziyiza obuwanvu bwa payipu n’obulema bw’enjatika bw’omusingi gwa payipu okusinga bibeera ku sipiidi y’okufuga. Obugumu bwa billet ya ttanka obutakwatagana n’obulema bw’enjatika y’omusingi gwa tube billet base biva ku sipiidi y’okuzimbulukuka, ate ensonga endala tezirina kinene kye zikola. Obumanyirivu mu nkola ya centrifugal casting:
n 299 G R
awali r ye radius ey’omunda ey’ekisengejja, cm; G ye mugerageranyo gw’obuzito (gravity coefficient); n ye sipiidi ya centrifugal, r / min. Omugerageranyo gw’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize (gravity coefficient) ogw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa guli 40~76, dayamita ey’omunda eya payipu y’ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kukola ebirungo ebibiri (bimetal composite pipe) eri mm 146, ate okubala sipiidi y’okusuula (centrifugal casting speed) kuli 699 ~ 964 r/min. N’olwekyo, sipiidi ya centrifugal casting etereezebwa okusinziira ku mbeera yennyini ey’okufulumya. Oluvannyuma lw’okugezesa, sipiidi efugibwa wakati wa 950 ne 1050 r / min, emikisa gy’obuwanvu bwa payipu obutakwatagana gikendeera nnyo, era obulema bw’enjatika okusinga buggyibwawo.
Centrifugal casting erina obulema bungi bwe bumu nga static casting, naye waliwo tendency ntono okukola obulema mu centrifugal casting. Ebitera okubeera mu kukola casting mulimu stoma (pinhole), crack (amaziga), lap, shrinkage hole, n’ebirala, n’ebitanda bya ribiini n’obulema bw’enkuba bya njawulo ku centrifugal casting. Okukola payipu y’ekyuma ekizitowa-mu centrifugal casting y’esinga okukaluba, kubanga obuwanvu-epayidi y’ekyuma kyangu okufulumya enjatika eyokya, okwawukana okutali kwa bulijjo, okusannyalala n’obulema obulala obugonvu-payipu y’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa kyangu okufulumya obulema mu kifuba n’enjatika. Mu centrifugal casting, copper alloy solidification mode is paste solidification, kale copper alloy centrifugal casting ebiseera ebisinga tekola defects nga enjatika n’okukutuka, era casting ekolebwa kumpi terina defects.2 Ebikulu ebikyamu mu centrifugal casting production 2.1 such suched defects, such suching centrigul centring layer layer layer layeri Obugumu bw’ekisenge ky’okusuula busukka mm 80, ate nga bugonvu-ebisuula ebisenge tebitera kulabika. Ribbon lamination defects is separated by the low melting point compounds (common crystal phase and oxide or sulfide clamp, debris, ribbon outside the edge contrast strong contrast line, most in centrifugal casting, alloy will be affected by the ribbon bedding defects, the wider the alloy solidification range, more significant, this phenomenon has a great relationship with low centrifuge speed. The molten metal fluid falls off, which can be Okukendeeza oba okuggyibwawo nga tutereeza sipiidi y’okuzimbulukuka, sipiidi y’okuyiwa n’ebbugumu n’ekyokulabirako. Cast, okukulukuta kw’ekyuma eky’amazzi si kwa bulijjo olw’okukankana, amazzi g’ekyuma bwe gayingira mu kisusunku, okutondebwa kw’okunyweza okusuulibwa mu tubular mu ngeri emu, singa ekyuma ekirala eky’amazzi kituuse mu kifo eky’enjawulo ekikeerezi ennyo, ekyuma eky’amazzi ekyasooka kituuse ku byonna oba ekitundu, okukakanyala, kino ekintu kijja kuleeta enkuba etonnya, etonnya enkuba etonnya, kiyitibwa centri centri centri.2 enkuba etonnya enkuba etonnya, etonnya enkuba etonnya, etonnya enkuba etonnya ennyo, etonnya enkuba etonnya, etonnya enkuba etonnya. rotates at too slow speed or the metal flows into the cast too fast, The rain phenomenon will happen, The rain phenomenon can be described as molten metal falling from the top of the cast to the bottom in the rain form, Shshown in Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of rain phenomenon, This phenomenon can be seen by examining the pouring of molten metal fluid into the opposite end of the rotating cast, When the molten metal liquid does not accelerate to the rotation velocity of the cast, Low friction coefficient of the molten metal wall, The molten metal will not reach a rotational speed high enough to overcome gravity, Will fall from the top of the cast, Rain shower phenomenon occurs. Another reason may be to choose the pouring temperature is not reasonable, if the molten metal liquid into the casting temperature is too high, the viscosity is reduced, for Gold esaanuuse, amazzi nga bakozesa sipiidi emala okuvvuunuka ekikolwa ky’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize kijja kufuuka kizibu nnyo, kisobola, nga kikendeeza ku sipiidi y’okuyiwa, naddala oluvannyuma lw’okukendeeza ku sipiidi y’amazzi ey’ekitundu ky’okusuula okutereeza. Amazzi g’ekyuma n’ekisengejja.
. Okugerageranya n’okukakanyala ebweru w’ekisengejjero, okunyweza kw’omusingi gw’ekisengejjero kugenda mpola, era ebbugumu ly’ekyuma erya waggulu nalyo liwa embeera y’okutondebwa kw’ekinnya ekikendeera. Amazzi g’ekyuma agasaanuuse bwe gayiibwa mpola wansi, amazzi g’ekyuma gakula mu mpeke okumpi n’ekisenge ekisuuliddwa, ekisobozesa okukakanyala okw’obulagirizi okugenda mu maaso okubuna ekitundu kyonna, era ekituli ky’okukendeera okumpi n’omusingi kijja kutuuka ekitono. Okwawukana mu nnyonta era kuyitibwa LAP, kiva ku kukozesa enkola y’okuyiwa etasaana, gamba ng’okuyiwa okutali kwa nnywevu, sipiidi y’okukuba empiso, kale sipiidi y’okuyiwa erina okukakasa mu bujjuvu nti amazzi g’ekyuma obutasalako mu kifo kyonna eky’okusuula n’oluvannyuma okutuuka ku nkomerero y’okusuula. Singa sipiidi y’okuyiwa eba mpola nnyo, ejja kuvaamu ekintu eky’okukulukuta, ekintu eky’okwawula mu nnyonta nakyo kijja kulabika.
2.4 Okwekolako n’okukutuka mu kusuula centrifugal, ekitundu ekinene eky’okusuula kitera okwawula. Mu kusuula, olw’okuzimbulukuka kwa centrifuge, amazzi g’ekyuma mu kifo kyonna gajja kuleeta okwawula ebweru w’okusuula kw’ekirungo. Ekimu ku birungi ebiri mu centrifugal castings kwe kuba nti zisobola okufuna ebitundu ebisinga okubeera compact, naye singa casting eba ennyogovu nnyo era nga ennyogovu nnyo, obucaafu ne ggaasi bijja kugwa mu casting. Singa amazzi ga alloy galina phosphorus n’ekibiriiti ebingi ennyo, ekintu kino kijja kuba kyeyoleka nnyo. Ebikulu ebivaako okwawukana: okukankana okutafugibwa mu nkola ya centrifuge etali ya bbalansi; enkuba ekifaananyi ky’amazzi g’ekyuma ekisaanuuse agava ku kuzimbulukuka mpola; ebbugumu erisukkiridde okuyiwa; ne slow solidification speed.Crack defects tezireeta ngeri ntongole ya centrifugal casting, ne ku static casting, okwegendereza kwe kumu kuyinza okukozesebwa centrifugal casting.
. Mu kusuula, olw’okuba ekyuma ekisuulibwa tekiba na buziba bwa ggaasi kutoloka, era okusuula kwa centrifugal okw’amazzi g’ekyuma kuba kwa mangu nnyo, kale pinhole ekolebwa mu kisengejja ekigonvu-ekisuuliddwa. Pinhole stoma defects zisobola okwewalibwa nga zikolebwa bino wammanga: kozesa ekyuma ekisuuliddwa mu kifo ky’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, ekika; Okusooka okubugumya nga tonnaba kusuula; Tokozesa bintu bya kusiiga ebirimu amazzi ga kirisitaalo; Tokozesa bbugumu lya waggulu nnyo eriyiwa. Bw’okozesa langi, singa bentonite tatabula bulungi na mazzi, amazzi ga kirisitaalo gayinza okubaawo mu bentonite enkalu, era ebbugumu ly’amazzi g’ekyuma ekisaanuuse lijja kufuula amazzi ga kirisitaalo okufuumuuka, era obulema bw’omugongo bujja kuba bwangu okukola. Singa ekizigo ekisuuliddwa kiba kissa, omukka ogukoleddwa gusaasaana wakati w’amazzi g’ekyuma agasaanuuse n’ekisenge ekisuuliddwa, era omukka gujja kuggyibwamu, ekiyamba okumalawo obulema bw’omugongo. Mu bisusunku eby’ekikomo n’ebyuma, pinhole-obutuli obulinga bulabika ebweru w’ekisenge ekisuuliddwa ng’ebitundu ebitangaavu era ebitangalijja, ng’ebinnya by’omuwemba munda mu kisusunku, era dayamita y’obutuli ntono nnyo. Mu kusaanuuka kw’amazzi g’ekyuma, era kijja kuleetera okusaanuuka kwa ggaasi, omukka ogusaanuuse gulina haidrojeni, okisigyeni ne nayitrojeni, n’ebirala, okuyita mu kusooka okubuguma n’okukaza ebintu ebisookerwako, bisobola okukendeeza obulungi ku ggaasi okuyingira, era asobola okukozesa enkola y’okusaanuuka okubuguma okuggyawo ggaasi.
2.6 Okusumululwa okw’omunda n’obulema bw’enkumbi ez’omu makkati Okukakasa obungi bw’ekitundu ekisuulibwa, ekisengejja kirina okutuuka ku kunyweza okuddiriŋŋana okuva ebweru okutuuka ku ngulu w’omunda. Mu ngeri eno, okukakanyala n’okukonziba kwa buli layeri kyetaagisa okuliyirira layeri ey’omunda ey’amazzi g’ekyuma eky’amazzi. Singa ekyuma kiyiwa mangu, okunyogoza okunene kubaawo ku ngulu okw’omunda, era okusumululwa kubaawo munda mu kisengejja, ekiva ku kunyweza okuva ku bitundu byombi eby’omunda n’eby’ebweru. Ku lw’okusuula omusenyu, sipiidi y’okunyogoza okuva ku ngulu w’ebweru eba wansi nnyo, okunyogoza byombi okuva ku ngulu okw’omunda n’okuva ku ngulu okw’ebweru, kale okukendeera kubaawo mu ngulu w’emmanju w’okukakanyala, okwewala obulema buno, ebbugumu ery’okungulu ery’omunda lirina okukuumibwa waggulu ekimala okufuga okukakanyala okulungamya, singa okukala okw’omunda tekuli kyenkanyi, ekiwujjo ky’ekyuma ekifuumuuka amazzi erya eryode eryode eryode ekkuliiki ekiziyiza okufuluma mu kiseera ky’okuyiwa mu kiseera ky’okukala okw’omunda.
